Tohu Network Constitution Draft

6 May 2026 No Comments

Tikanga o te Marae Mana Motu Hake –  Constitution of the Peer-to-Peer Marae Economic Liberation Network. 

 

Te Tuwhera

 

He Tikanga hei whakatakotoranga ko te Whakaputanga o Nga Rangatiratanga o Nga Rangatira o nga Hapu o Niu Tireni (1835) me te Tiriti o Waitangi (1840)/

Ko tēnei Ture Whakahaere kua whakatūria hei whakatairanga i te whakaoranga pūtea, te manawaroa ōhanga, te whai wāhi manapori, me te rangatiratanga ā-hapori mā tētahi whatunga whakawhiti taonga ā-hoa ki te ā-hoa e hāngai ana ki te hangarau poraka (blockchain) i runga i ngā Marae.

The following is based on the principles, articles and spirit of the Proclamation Of Sovereignty signed in 1835, as well as the Treaty of Waitangi (Maori version) signed in 1840.

This Constitution has been established to promote financial liberation, economic resilience, democratic participation, and community sovereignty through a peer-to-peer blockchain-based bartering and exchange network on Marae. Tohu will be used as tokens for exchange, and given value by the marae as transactions take place.

The importance of collective stewardship, decentralised participation, and the empowerment of local communities through transparent and accountable systems is recognised.

The network is founded on principles of Kotahitanga, Tino Rangatiratanga, Mana Motu Hake o nga Hapu me te Wairua o te Ao Maori. Respect will be afforded to mutual aid, fairness, self-determination, distributed governance, technological sovereignty, and respect for cultural identity and community autonomy.

Each participating Marae shall act as an autonomous community node within the wider network, contributing to the strength, security, and continuity of the decentralised exchange ecosystem.

Kawa 1 — Ko te Ingoa (Name)

1.1 The name of the organisation shall be:

Peer-to-Peer Marae Economic Liberation Network – (Name of the Marae goes here).

1.2 The organisation may operate under a registered trading name as approved by democratic vote of its membership.

Kawa 2 — Te Whainga (Purpose and Objectives)

2.1 The organisation exists to:

  1. Promote financial liberation and economic independence for participating communities.
  2. Establish and maintain a decentralised peer-to-peer blockchain bartering and exchange system, using tohu and given value depending on the exchange.
  3. Enable communities to exchange goods, services, labour, resources, and value without dependence on centralised financial institutions.
  4. Foster democratic participation in all organisational and technological governance processes.
  5. Support local resilience, food sovereignty, cultural continuity, and cooperative economics.
  6. Protect community autonomy through decentralised infrastructure ownership.
  7. Encourage ethical technological development that serves human and community wellbeing.
  8. Provide educational opportunities regarding decentralised systems, digital sovereignty, blockchain infrastructure, and cooperative economics.

Kawa 3 — Core Principles

3.1 The organisation shall operate according to the following principles:

  1. Haputanga – Decentralisation and democratic participation.
  2. Maramatanga – Transparency and accountability.
  3. Koha – Mutual benefit and reciprocity.
  4. Whanau, Hapu, Iwi – Respect for cultural identity and indigenous sovereignty.
  5. Nga Rauemi – Technological accessibility and economic fairness.
  6. Kaitiakitanga – Community stewardship.
  7. Ngakau Pono – Privacy and digital autonomy and non-exploitation.

Kawa 4 — Membership

4.1 Membership may be granted to:

  1. Marae communities and or co-operative groups, who may be local producers and services providers. A committee must be elected of the following people with the following roles:

Chairperson – to uphold the vision and purposes of the Marae

Secretary – to support the chairperson through minutes and recording of major decisions

Treasurer – to manage transactions and provide balances reports to the committee

Administrator – to learn the technology and hold the marae private key for implementing the system. To learn the backup system for all transactions.

Auditor – to audit and monitor systems and roles, including the general membership, to ensure integrity in their functions. Holds no voting or proposal power. However, has the authority to stand down any person/s found engaging in fraud, exploitation, sabotage or actions contrary to the purposes of the organisation, until resolved by the membership.

4.2 All members shall agree to uphold this Constitution.

4.3 Membership rights include:

  1. Participation in voting processes.
  2. Proposal submission rights.
  3. Access to network services.
  4. Participation in barter exchange systems.
  5. Access to educational resources.

Kawa 5 — Democratic Governance

5.1 The organisation shall operate according to democratic principles.

5.2 Major decisions shall be determined through transparent voting systems.

5.3 Each registered Marae node shall hold one collective governance vote.

5.4 Individual members may participate in local decision-making processes within their respective community node structures.

5.5 Governance proposals may include:

  1. Constitutional amendments.
  2. Infrastructure development proposals.
  3. Network rule modifications.
  4. Resource allocation decisions.
  5. Security protocols.
  6. Membership standards.

5.6 Voting procedures shall be transparent, verifiable, and accessible.

Kawa 6 — Marae Node Structure

6.1 Each participating Marae shall operate as an independent network node.

6.2 Each Marae node shall maintain:

  1. A dedicated physical location for blockchain infrastructure.
  2. Continuous and stable internet connectivity.
  3. Secure hardware infrastructure.
  4. Local governance participation structures.

6.3 The designated node location shall be formally assigned and protected for long-term operational continuity.

6.4 Marae nodes shall contribute to:

  1. Network validation.
  2. Distributed ledger maintenance.
  3. Transaction verification.
  4. Community access support.
  5. Local education and participation.

6.5 No central authority shall possess unilateral control over all network infrastructure. All administrative rights will participate in a Node Commissioning Handover where the central authority will be excluded from setting up the public key to the decentralised network infrastructure.

Kawa 7 — Blockchain and Bartering System

7.1 The organisation shall establish and maintain a decentralised blockchain-based exchange system.

7.2 The system may facilitate:

  1. Peer-to-peer barter transactions.
  2. Community credit systems.
  3. Service exchanges and resource sharing.
  4. Cooperative production tracking.
  5. Local exchange accounting.

7.3 The network shall prioritise transparency, security, privacy protection, and resilience.

7.4 Smart contracts may be implemented where democratically approved.

7.5 The organisation shall seek to minimise speculative exploitation and prioritise real economic exchange value.

7.6 The network shall not operate primarily for financial speculation.

Kawa 8 — Data Sovereignty and Privacy

8.1 Communities and individuals retain ownership over their data.

8.2 Personal data collection shall be minimised.

8.3 Surveillance-oriented practices are prohibited.

8.4 Data sharing between nodes shall require transparent protocols and community consent.

8.5 Sensitive information shall be protected using strong security standards.

Kawa 9 — Ethical Standards

9.1 The organisation shall prohibit:

  1. Fraudulent conduct.
  2. Exploitative financial practices.
  3. Manipulation of democratic processes.
  4. Discrimination.
  5. Corruption.
  6. Technological sabotage.

9.2 Members shall act in good faith toward the wellbeing of participating communities.

Kawa 10 — Infrastructure and Maintenance

10.1 The organisation shall encourage distributed ownership of infrastructure.

10.2 Each node shall maintain operational standards necessary for network reliability.

10.3 Technical maintenance responsibilities shall be shared through cooperative support systems.

10.4 Emergency recovery protocols shall be established to preserve network continuity.

Kawa 11 — Education and Community Development

11.1 The organisation shall provide educational initiatives concerning:

  1. Blockchain systems.
  2. Decentralised governance.
  3. Cooperative economics.
  4. Digital literacy.
  5. Cybersecurity awareness.
  6. Community resilience.

11.2 Training shall be made accessible to participating communities.

Kawa 12 — Funding and Resources

12.1 The organisation may receive support through:

  1. Membership contributions.
  2. Cooperative funding models.
  3. Donations.
  4. Grants.
  5. Community resource pooling.

12.2 No funding arrangement shall compromise the decentralised integrity or democratic governance of the organisation.

Kawa 13 — Tribunal Conflict Resolution

13.1 Disputes shall first seek resolution through mediation.

13.2 Local disputes should first be addressed within the relevant community node.

13.3 Appeals may be brought before a democratically selected conflict resolution council.

13.4 Restorative approaches shall be prioritised where appropriate.

Kawa 14 — Amendments

14.1 This Constitution may be amended through democratic vote.

14.2 Proposed amendments must be distributed to all registered nodes before voting.

14.3 Constitutional amendments shall require a supermajority approval threshold determined by the membership.

Kawa 15 — Dissolution

15.1 The organisation may only be dissolved through a supermajority democratic vote.

15.2 Upon dissolution, remaining infrastructure and resources shall be distributed according to democratically approved community benefit principles.

15.3 No individual member may privately appropriate collective infrastructure assets for personal gain upon dissolution.

Kawa 16 — Foundational Declaration

16.1 This organisation affirms that resilient communities require decentralised participation, shared stewardship, and equitable access to systems of exchange.

16.2 The organisation exists to strengthen community autonomy through ethical technology, democratic cooperation, and collective economic participation.

16.3 The network recognises that local communities possess the right to participate in systems that support dignity, self-determination, and mutual prosperity.

Ratification

This Constitution shall take effect upon ratification by the founding membership and participating community nodes.

Signed on Behalf of the Founding Members and Participating Marae Nodes:

The Token With No Price: Reimagining Exchange Beyond Money

20 April 2026 No Comments
A new class of digital token is emerging — one that deliberately has no market value, no exchange rate, and no speculation. It may be the most radical idea in blockchain.

In a world where every digital token seems to exist primarily to be traded, pumped, or speculated upon, a quieter question is being asked by communities around the world: what if a token’s greatest strength was that it was worth nothing — at least on any market that mattered?

The concept is called a non-monetary community exchange token, and it challenges the fundamental assumption that underpins most blockchain projects. Rather than creating a new form of money, it creates a new form of memory — a record of exchange, contribution, and reciprocity within a defined community, with no ambition to be anything else. The distinction sounds simple but has profound implications. A monetary token — whether Bitcoin, Ether, or any of thousands of alternatives — derives value from scarcity, demand, and the expectation that others will want it in future. Its price fluctuates. It can be bought and sold on exchanges. It attracts speculators as readily as it attracts users.

A non-monetary community exchange token is designed from the ground up to resist this. It is not listed on any exchange. It has no NZD, USD, or any other fiat equivalent. It cannot be purchased — only earned through participation, contribution, or exchange of goods and services within the community it serves. And crucially, it has no price discovery mechanism, which means that from a tax and regulatory standpoint, it has no determinable market value. This is not a technical limitation. It is a design choice — one that reorients the entire purpose of the system away from wealth accumulation and toward relationship and reciprocity.

The idea has deep roots. Timebanks — systems where people exchange hours of service with one another using a shared ledger — have operated in Aotearoa and around the world for decades. One hour of childcare equals one hour of legal advice equals one hour of garden work. The currency is time itself, and it is explicitly non-monetary: no one gets rich, no one speculates, and the system serves only to facilitate exchange between people who would otherwise struggle to access each other’s skills. New Zealand’s Inland Revenue has historically not pursued timebank participants for tax obligations, recognising that the practical difficulty of assessing taxable income — combined with the community benefit — makes enforcement neither proportionate nor appropriate. Without a determinable market value, there is no basis for calculating taxable income. A token that cannot be sold, traded on any exchange, or converted to fiat currency has no price — and therefore no gain that can be assessed.

Non-monetary community tokens operate on the same logic, but with the administrative advantages of blockchain: immutable records, transparency, and the ability to serve communities spread across geography without a central administrator. The technical infrastructure may look similar to cryptocurrency — both use blockchain, both involve wallets and transactions — but the intent, the design constraints, and the community governance structures are entirely different.

For communities with strong traditions of collective ownership and reciprocal obligation — including many Māori communities in Aotearoa New Zealand — the non-monetary token model aligns naturally with existing values. The concept of koha, often translated as reciprocity, has governed exchange in Māori society long before the concept of money arrived on these shores. A token that records and facilitates utu — that helps a marae community track who has contributed labour, who has shared resources, who is owed a return of generosity — is not a financial instrument. It is a digital expression of a social relationship that has existed for centuries. This framing matters not just philosophically but practically. When communities can articulate clearly that their exchange system is an extension of existing cultural practice rather than a new financial market, they stand on firmer ground when engaging with regulators, tax authorities, and policymakers.

For any community operating a non-monetary token system, documentation is the most important protection they have. This means clearly stating — in a privacy policy, a whitepaper, a community charter, or all three — that the token has no market value, is not available for purchase, is not listed on any exchange, and is designed solely to facilitate community exchange. It means maintaining records of governance decisions, community membership criteria, and the rules that prevent the token from becoming speculative. The communities best positioned to succeed with non-monetary tokens are those with the clearest sense of what they are and the clearest record of having said so from the beginning. The good news is that most communities building these systems are doing so out of genuine need and genuine values. The documentation simply makes visible what is already true.

As regulators around the world — including New Zealand’s Inland Revenue — increase their scrutiny of digital assets, the non-monetary community token may prove to be one of the more durable models. Not because it evades regulation, but because it was never trying to be what regulation targets. It is not a speculative asset. It is not a currency. It is not an investment. It is a shared ledger for a community that knows what it values and wants a reliable way to keep track. In that sense, it may be the most honest thing blockchain has produced yet.

Tohu Node price estimates

24 March 2026 No Comments

This is the estimated cost for Raspberry Pi 5 4GB Tohu Nodes,

When purchasing a power supply it is imperative you use a minimum of 5 amps or the node will fail. Avoid using phone USB chargers or under powered USB c power supplies.

NZ$73.45 Kingston M.2 2230 SSD PM991a 128GB PCIe 3.0 NVME

https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005008117905516.html?

NZ$18.62  NVME HAT PCIe To M.2 Mini Adapter M.2 Solid State Drive and Active Cooler

https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005007631177032.html?

NZ$254.15 Raspberry Pi 5 4gb 

https://www.pbtech.co.nz/product/SEVRBP0501/Raspberry-Pi-5-4GB-LPDDR4-24GHz-Quad-Core-ARM-Cort?qr=product_option

NZ$19.38 27W USB-C Power Supply 5.1V 5A PD Charging AU Plug Power Adapter 1.2M Cable 

https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005007131497865.html?

NZ$19.53 ADATA Premier microSDHC Memory Card – 32GB

https://www.pbtech.co.nz/product/MEMADC20010/ADATA-Premier-microSDHC-Memory-Card—32GB-Include

Total

$394.00

Tohu is into Beta testing

22 March 2026 No Comments

What is Tohu? Tohu is a peer-to-peer barter network built for marae communities in Aotearoa New Zealand. It uses blockchain technology to let people trade goods and services directly with each other using TOHU tokens.

After six months of intensive development and coding, the Tohu Network has reached a major milestone. The permissioned blockchain infrastructure designed specifically for marae communities across Aotearoa New Zealand is now ready for beta deployment.

The achievement represents a significant breakthrough in making blockchain technology accessible and practical for community-driven economies. Built on Māori values of utu and iwi sovereignty, Tohu enables peer-to-peer trading of goods and services using native TOHU tokens, without reliance on traditional financial intermediaries.

A key technical accomplishment was getting a fully functional blockchain network running on Raspberry Pi 5 hardware using ARM64 architecture. This choice was deliberate—keeping validator nodes on affordable, accessible hardware ensures marae communities can participate without prohibitive infrastructure costs.

The network processes transactions in under 15 seconds, delivering speed and responsiveness essential for real-world trading. Two active validator nodes now run reliably on Raspberry Pi hardware, with a third node added to relay information across the network. These nodes are securely connected through a private VPN, maintaining decentralization while ensuring safe communication between geographically distributed marae.

The development path required solving critical technical challenges. The team debugged consensus mechanisms, fixed network connectivity issues, and resolved bugs that threatened early stability. A complete rewrite of startup automation scripts ensures the network runs reliably without constant manual oversight—essential for communities that may not have dedicated IT staff.

Node 1, the primary validator, had persistent startup issues that were finally resolved through proper systemd integration, allowing it to boot automatically and recover from unexpected restarts.

Security has been built with community members in mind. Wallet files are encrypted using OpenSSL AES-256-CBC with PBKDF2 key derivation, protecting tokens from unauthorized access. Critically, wallets remain encrypted until the exact moment they’re needed, then lock immediately afterward—minimizing exposure windows.

Each node runs under dedicated user accounts with root access disabled, reducing the attack surface. Future upgrades will further harden the security of core network scripts, making the code even more resistant to tampering.

The network operates using the native TOHU token with a capped supply of one billion tokens. The reward system treats network operators equal to validators, ensuring that marae communities contributing infrastructure are properly incentivized to participate and maintain the network.

A voting governance system has been implemented where community members holding at least 10 TOHU tokens can propose and vote on network decisions. This structure gives marae communities direct democratic control over how the system evolves, preventing centralized control and ensuring decisions reflect community values.

With core infrastructure now stable and proven, the team has launched tohu.network as the central hub for governance and community engagement. The beta launch represents the first phase of a larger vision: scaling to approximately 40 validators and 460 relay nodes distributed across marae throughout Aotearoa.

This distributed architecture means no single point of failure and no central authority controlling the network. Each marae that operates a node has genuine stakes in how the system functions.

The Tohu Network is now positioned to onboard its first cohort of participating communities. Beta testing will validate how the network performs under real-world conditions, gather feedback from marae operators, and refine the experience before broader rollout.

The achievement is significant not just technically, but culturally. For the first time, marae communities have access to an economic infrastructure built on their own values—one that enables trade and economic activity without extracting value to distant financial institutions. Tohu represents genuine community economic sovereignty in practice.